Looming Water Shortages Cut in Favor of Renewable Energy

    WSJ has an interesting article about the influence that dwindling water resources is having on the trend towards developing more renewable energy sources. Water is commonly overshadowed by greenhouse gas emissions in the discussion about dirty power versus renewable power. However, consumption of water by traditional power plants is a gigantic environmental issue. In fact, as the WSJ notes, “the electric-power industry accounts for nearly half of all water withdrawals in the U.S., with agricultural irrigation coming in a distant second at about 35%.”

    Although most of this water is eventually recycled back into nearby lakes or streams, 2-3% is lost by evaporation, and the heat from the water released back into the natural environment can be detrimental to surrounding life.

    As a result of these concerns, the power industry has been looking more closely at renewable plants, such as wind farms, as alternatives to traditional power sources. This is because most renewable energy plants use a tiny fraction of the amount of water extracted by dirty plants.

    According to one study, “a megawatt hour of electricity produced by a wind turbine can save 200 to 600 gallons of water compared with the amount required by a modern gas-fired power plant to make that same amount.”

    This fact, coupled with concerns over climate change, makes it even more obvious that the electricity generation industry must move away from dirty energy and towards renewables once and for all.

    日益迫近的淡水危機(jī)有利于促進(jìn)可再生能源的開(kāi)發(fā)

    《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》（ The Wall Street Journal, 簡(jiǎn)寫為WSJ）上有一篇有意義的文章，這篇文章談到目前正在減少的水資源對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)更多的可再生能源的趨勢(shì)所產(chǎn)生的影響。在論及有污染能源與可再生能源的時(shí)候，水的問(wèn)題往往被溫室氣體排放所掩蓋掉。但是，傳統(tǒng)電力廠所消耗的水是一個(gè)巨大的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。實(shí)際上正如《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》所說(shuō)，“在美國(guó)，電力工業(yè)消耗了幾乎近一半的水，農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水排在第二位，但比電力消耗用水少很多，只占據(jù)了35%。”

    雖然大多數(shù)的水最后經(jīng)過(guò)循環(huán)處理排回到附近的湖泊或者溪流中，但是仍然有2-3%的水蒸發(fā)掉了。另外，這些水（發(fā)電廠中用到的冷卻循環(huán)水，譯者注）中的熱量被釋放到自然環(huán)境中，這對(duì)周圍的生物是有害處的。

    考慮到這些問(wèn)題，電力工業(yè)一直在關(guān)注把可再生能源發(fā)電廠作為傳統(tǒng)發(fā)電廠的替代，比如風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠。這是因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)可再生能源發(fā)電廠的用水僅僅只占有污染發(fā)電廠用水的微小的一部分。

    據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究顯示，“與一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的天然氣火力發(fā)電廠相比，由風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)產(chǎn)生一兆瓦時(shí)的電力能節(jié)約200到600加侖的水。”

    很明顯，這個(gè)事實(shí)，再加上對(duì)氣候變暖的擔(dān)心，使發(fā)電行業(yè)必須從有污染的能源永遠(yuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向可再生的能源。

    Vocabulary:

Looming：日益迫近的
Renewable：可再生的
Dwindle：(逐漸)減少
Trend：趨勢(shì)
Overshadow：使黯然失色
Consumption：消耗
Traditional：傳統(tǒng)的
Gigantic：龐大的；巨大的
Withdrawal：取回；提取
Agricultural：農(nóng)業(yè)的
Irrigation：灌溉
Eventually：最終的
Recycle：循環(huán)
Evaporation：蒸發(fā)
Detrimental：有害的
Alternative：可替換的
Tiny：微小的
Fraction：部分
Extract：抽取
Megawatt：兆瓦（一百萬(wàn)瓦特）
Turbine：渦輪機(jī)
Gallon：加侖（液量單位，美制約等于3.8升）
Obvious：顯然的
Once and for all：永遠(yuǎn)