Cancer cases will rocket without lifestyle changes

  Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 per cent by 2020, reaching 15 million new cases a year.
The World Health Organisation's World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits - such as smoking - that are already established. However, much can be done to slow the increase, Bernard Stewart, an Australian cancer specialist and co-author, said.

  "Tobacco is the major preventable cause of cancer," he said. "But in developed countries diet, alcohol, a lack of exercise and the fact that we still don't eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day are contributory factors.

  Professor Stewart cited the cases of Finland and California. In Finland a programme of tobacco control, public education and dietary advice had seen lung cancer rates tumbling.

  In California, the most anti-smoking state in America, lung cancer rates in women were falling. Everywhere else in the US they were rising.

  到2020年，全世界癌癥的發(fā)病率有可能增加50個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，每年可能將出現(xiàn)1500萬(wàn)新病例。

  世界健康組織全球癌癥報(bào)告指出，如果不采取積極的預(yù)防措施，這樣的趨勢(shì)將無(wú)法避免。因?yàn)檫@是從已經(jīng)形成的生活習(xí)慣--例如抽煙--滋生出來(lái)的。盡管如此，該報(bào)告作者之一，澳大利亞癌癥專(zhuān)家伯納德·斯圖爾德表示，還是有許多手段可以遏制這一增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。

  他說(shuō)："煙草是引起癌癥的主要罪源，因此預(yù)防也應(yīng)該以煙草為主。但在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，人們飲酒過(guò)多，缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)，每天攝入的水果蔬菜低于攝入食物總量的5%。這些也都容易引發(fā)癌癥。"

  斯圖爾德教授舉了芬蘭和加利福尼亞的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明煙草的危害。芬蘭實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)控制煙草的計(jì)劃，包括進(jìn)行公眾教育和飲食建議，成效顯著，肺癌患病率持續(xù)下降。

  而加利福尼亞則是美國(guó)反煙草呼聲最高的一個(gè)州。當(dāng)其他州的女性肺癌得病率都在上升的時(shí)候，該州的這一數(shù)據(jù)卻呈下降趨勢(shì)。