What does it take to succeed? A positive attitude? Well, sure, but that's hardly enough. The Law of Attraction? The Secret? These ideas might act as spurs to action, but without the action itself, they don't do much.

Success, however it's defined, takes action, and taking good and appropriate action takes skills. Some of these skills (not enough, though) are taught in school (not well enough, either), others are taught on the job, and still others we learn from general life experience.

Below is a list of general skills that will help anyone get ahead in practically any field, from running a company to running a gardening club. Of course, there are skills specific to each field as well - but my concern here is with the skills that translate across disciplines, the ones that can be learned by anyone in any position.

1. Public Speaking

The ability to speak clearly, persuasively, and forcefully in front of an audience - whether an audience of 1 or of thousands - is one of the most important skills anyone can develop. People who are effective speakers come across as more comfortable with themselves, more confident, and more attractive to be around. Being able to speak effectively means you can sell anything - products, of course, but also ideas, ideologies, worldviews. And yourself - which means more opportunities for career advancement, bigger clients, or Business funding.

2. writing

writing well offers many of the same advantages that speaking well offers: good writers are better at selling products, ideas, and themselves than poor writers. Learning to write well involves not just mastery of grammar but the development of the ability to organize one's thoughts into a coherent form and target it to an audience in the most effective way possible. Given the huge amount of text generated by almost every transaction - from court briefs and legislation running into the thousands of pages to those foot-long receipts you get when you buy gum these days - a person who is a master of the written word can expect doors to open in just about every field.

3. Self-management

If success depends of effective action, effective action depends on the ability to focus your attention where it is needed most, when it is needed most. Strong organizational skills, effective productivity habits, and a strong sense of discipline are needed to keep yourself on track.

4. networking

Networking is not only for finding jobs or clients. In an economy dominated by ideas and innovation, networking creates the channel through which ideas flow and in which new ideas are created. A large network, carefully cultivated, ties one into not just a body of people but a body of relationships, and those relationships are more than just the sum of their parts. The interactions those relationships make possible give rise to innovation and creativity - and provide the support to nurture new ideas until they can be realized.

5. Critical Thinking

We are exposed to hundreds, if not thousands, of times more information on a daily basis than our great-grandparents were. Being able to evaluate that information, sort the potentially valuable from the trivial, analyze its relevance and meaning, and relate it to other information is crucial - and woefully under-taught. Good critical thinking skills immediately distinguish you from the mass of people these days.

6. Decision-Making

The bridge that leads from analysis to action is effective decision-making - knowing what to do based on the information available. While not being critical can be dangerous, so too can over-analyzing, or waiting for more information before making a decision. Being able to take in the scene and respond quickly and effectively is what separates the doers from the wannabes.

7. Math

You don't have to be able to integrate polynomials to be successful. However, the ability to quickly work with figures in your head, to make rough but fairly accurate estimates, and to understand things like compound interest and basic statistics gives you a big lead on most people. All of these skills will help you to analyze data more effectively - and more quickly - and to make better decisions based on it.

8. Research

Nobody can be expected to know everything, or even a tiny fraction of everything. Even within your field, chances are there's far more that you don't know than you do know. You don't have to know everything - but you should be able to quickly and painlessly find out what you need to know. That means learning to use the Internet effectively, learning to use a library, learning to read productively, and learning how to leverage your network of contacts - and what kinds of research are going to work best in any given situation.

9. Relaxation

Stress will not only kill you, it leads to poor decision-making, poor thinking, and poor socialization. So be failing to relax, you knock out at least three of the skills in this list - and really more. Plus, working yourself to death in order to keep up, and not having any time to enjoy the fruits of your work, isn't really "success". It's obsession. Being able to face even the most pressing crises with your wits about you and in the most productive way is possibly the most important thing on this list.

10. Basic Accounting

It is a simple fact in our society that money is necessary. Even the simple pleasures in life, like hugging your child, ultimately need money - or you're not going to survive to hug for very long. Knowing how to track and record your expenses and income is important just to survive, let alone to thrive. But more than that, the principles of accounting apply more widely to things like tracking the time you spend on a project or determining whether the value of an action outweighs the costs in money, time, and effort. It's a shame that basic accounting isn't a required part of the core K-12 curriculum.
What Else?

Surely there are more important skills I'm not thinking of (which is probably why I'm not telling Bill Gates what to do!) - what are they? What have I missed? What lessons have you learned that were key to your successes - and what have you ignored to your peril?

怎樣才能成功呢？積極的態(tài)度？確實(shí)是這樣，但是這還不夠。吸引的原理？秘密？這些觀念都對(duì)行為有驅(qū)動(dòng)作用，但是沒(méi)有行動(dòng)它們也起不了作用。

然而成功的定義就是馬上開(kāi)始行動(dòng)，怎么采取好的合適的行動(dòng)需要技巧。學(xué)校已經(jīng)傳授給我們這些技巧當(dāng)中（然而不是全部）的一些技巧（雖然不太好），有些技巧是在工作中傳授給我們的，然而還有其它的技巧是我們從普通生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)到的。下面是一個(gè)羅列了普通技巧的列表，它能幫助任何人在幾乎任何領(lǐng)域獲得成功，包括開(kāi)公司和經(jīng)營(yíng)園藝俱樂(lè)部。當(dāng)然，同時(shí)也有針對(duì)特殊領(lǐng)域的技巧，但是這兒我關(guān)心的是由條約轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的技巧，任何職位的任何人都能學(xué)習(xí)這些技巧。

1.演講

在聽(tīng)眾－不管是一個(gè)或是數(shù)千個(gè)聽(tīng)眾面前清晰地談?wù)�，有說(shuō)服力和有激情的，這種技巧是任何人都能提高的最重要的技巧。有感染力的演講者都很放松并很自信，對(duì)于周圍的人更加有吸引力。有影響力的演講意味著你能推銷包括產(chǎn)品在內(nèi)的任何東西，當(dāng)然也包括理念，意識(shí)和世界觀。也就意味著對(duì)于你的事業(yè)的提升，爭(zhēng)取大客戶或籌募商業(yè)基金的把握更大。

2.寫作

寫作好和口才好有同樣的優(yōu)勢(shì)，文筆好的人在賣商品，推銷理念和他們自己時(shí)比文筆差的人做的更好。學(xué)習(xí)提高寫作不僅包括掌握語(yǔ)法，還包括發(fā)展把個(gè)人的想法組成整體的能力， 它的目標(biāo)是更有效的針對(duì)讀者。假定幾乎每個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)都刊登大量的信息，包括法院簡(jiǎn)報(bào)和法律規(guī)定達(dá)到數(shù)千張紙和這些天當(dāng)你買槍后得到的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的收據(jù)。所以一個(gè)掌控字詞的人能夠期待每個(gè)領(lǐng)域的大門是打開(kāi)的。

3.自我管理

如果成功依賴有效的行動(dòng)，那么有效的行動(dòng)依賴于何時(shí)何地最需要集中注意力的能力。優(yōu)秀的組織能力，有效的強(qiáng)大的自律力，以及強(qiáng)烈的紀(jì)律感都是使你符合自我預(yù)期所必須的。

4.網(wǎng)絡(luò)

網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅僅為了找工作或者客戶。在由理念和創(chuàng)新占主導(dǎo)的經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，通過(guò)涌現(xiàn)的想法及創(chuàng)造的新思想給網(wǎng)絡(luò)創(chuàng)造了渠道。精心連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，不是把一個(gè)人和大量的人聯(lián)系起來(lái)而是和大量的關(guān)系網(wǎng)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。這些關(guān)系網(wǎng)不只是它的每部分的總和。這個(gè)關(guān)系網(wǎng)的交互作用使得引發(fā)革新和創(chuàng)造的幾率更大，直到新理念實(shí)現(xiàn)之前給予滋養(yǎng)。

5.批判性思維

如果不是數(shù)以千計(jì)的，那么在每天的生活中我們得到數(shù)以百計(jì)的信息，而我們的曾祖父每天的信息卻少的多。為了評(píng)估信息，從細(xì)微的信息中獲得潛在價(jià)值，分析它的中肯度及意義和與其它信息聯(lián)系起來(lái)是至關(guān)重要的并且不講解它們是可悲的�，F(xiàn)今，好的批判性思維技巧能迅速使你脫穎而出。

6.決策

由分析架起通往行動(dòng)的橋梁是有效的決策，即根據(jù)信息的價(jià)值知道去做什么。然而缺乏批判是危險(xiǎn)的，過(guò)多的分析及在做決定前等待獲取更多的信息也是危險(xiǎn)的。根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況迅速和有效的作出反應(yīng)是實(shí)干家和空想家之間的區(qū)別。

7.數(shù)學(xué)

你不要以為合并多項(xiàng)式就是成功的。盡管，在你腦袋里迅速計(jì)算數(shù)字的能力可以作出粗略但不是完全準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，可是，了解諸如復(fù)利和基礎(chǔ)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)能使走在大多數(shù)人的前列。所有這些技巧能使你更快更有效的分析數(shù)據(jù)，并能根據(jù)這來(lái)作出更好的決定。

8.研究

沒(méi)有人指望能了解所有事，甚至是每件事的細(xì)微部分。即使在你了解的領(lǐng)域，有可能是你不知道的比你知道的多。你沒(méi)必要知道每件事，但是你要能夠迅速不費(fèi)力的找到你要了解的。那就意味著要學(xué)著有效的使用因特網(wǎng)，學(xué)會(huì)使用圖書(shū)館，學(xué)會(huì)有成果的閱讀，并學(xué)會(huì)如何平衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)接點(diǎn)以及在任意給定的條件下，哪種研究將最有效。

9.放松

壓力不僅會(huì)毀掉你，同時(shí)也會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的決策，貧乏的思考及低級(jí)的社會(huì)化。因此如果未能放松，你將丟失這個(gè)列表里至少3個(gè)技能，實(shí)際上可能更多。另外，為了不落后而是自己過(guò)度的工作，并沒(méi)時(shí)間享受工作成果也不是實(shí)際上的“成功”。這是令人困擾的。這個(gè)列表里最重要的事情是能以你的智慧在最有效的方法應(yīng)對(duì)甚至是最緊急的危機(jī)。

10.基礎(chǔ)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)

在我們的社會(huì)里，錢是必須的。這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)。甚至是生活里諸如擁抱你的孩子這類簡(jiǎn)單的樂(lè)事也最終需要錢，或者你沒(méi)打算永遠(yuǎn)擁抱。知道如何追蹤并記錄你的開(kāi)銷和收入對(duì)生存是很重要的，而不要追求奢華。比那更重要的是，會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)原理應(yīng)該用于更廣闊的事物，比如追蹤你花費(fèi)在一個(gè)工程的時(shí)間或者決定是否行動(dòng)的價(jià)值超過(guò)花費(fèi)的錢，時(shí)間和努力�；�礎(chǔ)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)不是K－12基礎(chǔ)課程必須部分的核心的，這點(diǎn)令人蒙羞。

還有其它的嗎？

當(dāng)然還有其它更多重要的技巧我沒(méi)考慮到的（很有可能是為什么我沒(méi)告訴比爾蓋茨該做什么）。它們是哪些？我沒(méi)考慮到哪些？哪些教訓(xùn)是你學(xué)到的對(duì)于成功的關(guān)鍵要素？并且你忽視了哪些危險(xiǎn)因素？